तत्सम शब्द म्हणजे काय?
संस्कृतमधून जसेच्या तसे (कोणताही बदल न होता) मराठीत आलेल्या शब्दांना तत्सम शब्द म्हणतात.
• पीडा हा शब्द संस्कृतमधून मराठीत जसाच्या तसा आलेला आहे → तत्सम ✅
इतर पर्यायांचे स्पष्टीकरण:
• तद्भव — संस्कृतमधून बदल होऊन आलेले शब्द. उदा. हात (संस्कृत: हस्त) ❌
• देशी — मूळ भारतीय बोलीभाषांमधून आलेले शब्द. उदा. दगड, डोंगर ❌
• साधित — मूळ शब्दाला प्रत्यय लावून तयार केलेले शब्द. उदा. चांगला → चांगुलपणा ❌
Question 2: 'गरुड' या शब्दाला कोणता शब्द समानार्थी नाही ?
(1) खगेंद्र
(2) द्विजराज
(3) वैनतेय
(4) विहंगम
योग्य उत्तर: (4) विहंगम
गरुडाचे समानार्थी शब्द:
• खगेंद्र — खग (पक्षी) + इंद्र (राजा) = पक्ष्यांचा राजा = गरुड ✅ समानार्थी
• द्विजराज — द्विज (पक्षी) + राज (राजा) = पक्ष्यांचा राजा = गरुड ✅ समानार्थी
• वैनतेय — विनता (गरुडाची आई) चा पुत्र = गरुड ✅ समानार्थी
• विहंगम — हा शब्द सामान्यतः पक्षी या अर्थाने वापरला जातो — गरुडासाठी विशेषतः नाही. हे गरुडाचे विशिष्ट नाव नाही. ❌ समानार्थी नाही
Question 3: खालीलपैकी कोणता शब्द देशी शब्द नाही ?
(1) डोके
(2) धोंडा
(3) घमेलं
(4) बाजरी
योग्य उत्तर: (3) घमेलं
देशी शब्द:
जे शब्द महाराष्ट्रातील मूळ रहिवाशांच्या बोलीभाषेतील मानले जातात (उदा. डोके, धोंडा, बाजरी, कंबर, गुडघा इ.), त्यांना देशी शब्द म्हणतात.
परभाषीय शब्द: 'घमेलं' हा शब्द मुळात पोर्तुगीज भाषेतून मराठीत आला आहे. त्यामुळे तो देशी शब्द नाही.
• डोके — मूळ देशी शब्द ✅
• धोंडा — मूळ देशी शब्द ✅
• बाजरी — मूळ देशी शब्द ✅
Question 4: राजू इतरांच्या आधी जेवला कारण त्याला भूक लागली — हे वाक्य कोणत्या प्रकारचे आहे ?
(1) केवल वाक्य
(2) संयुक्त वाक्य
(3) मिश्र वाक्य
(4) होकारार्थी वाक्य
योग्य उत्तर: (3) मिश्र वाक्य
वाक्याचे विश्लेषण:
"राजू इतरांच्या आधी जेवला कारण त्याला भूक लागली."
• प्रधान वाक्य: "राजू इतरांच्या आधी जेवला."
• गौण वाक्य: "त्याला भूक लागली." (कारणदर्शक)
• जोडणारे अव्यय: "कारण" — हे गौणत्वसूचक उभयान्वयी अव्यय आहे.
एक प्रधान वाक्य + एक गौण वाक्य + गौणत्वसूचक अव्यय = मिश्र वाक्य ✅
• केवल वाक्य — एकच उद्देश्य व एकच विधेय असते. ❌
• संयुक्त वाक्य — दोन प्रधान वाक्ये प्रधानत्वबोधक अव्ययांनी जोडलेली असतात. ❌
• होकारार्थी वाक्य — हा अर्थावरून केलेला प्रकार आहे, रचनेनुसार नाही. ❌
Question 5: 'मी तुम्हाला जे काही सांगतो आहे ते अगोदर तुम्ही नीट समजावून घ्या' — या वाक्याचा प्रकार ओळखा.
(1) केवल वाक्य
(2) मिश्र वाक्य
(3) संयुक्त वाक्य
(4) संकेतार्थ वाक्य
योग्य उत्तर: (2) मिश्र वाक्य
वाक्याचे विश्लेषण:
"मी तुम्हाला जे काही सांगतो आहे ते अगोदर तुम्ही नीट समजावून घ्या."
• प्रधान वाक्य: "ते अगोदर तुम्ही नीट समजावून घ्या."
• गौण वाक्य: "मी तुम्हाला जे काही सांगतो आहे" (विशेषण गौणवाक्य — 'ते' चे स्पष्टीकरण देते)
• जोडणारे अव्यय: जे...ते — हे गौणत्वसूचक उभयान्वयी अव्यय आहे.
एक प्रधान वाक्य + एक गौण वाक्य + गौणत्वसूचक अव्यय = मिश्र वाक्य ✅
• केवल वाक्य — एकच उद्देश्य व एकच विधेय. ❌
• संयुक्त वाक्य — दोन प्रधान वाक्ये प्रधानत्वबोधक अव्ययांनी जोडलेली. ❌
• संकेतार्थ वाक्य — जर...तर या प्रकारची अट असलेले वाक्य. ❌
Question 6: योग्य जोड्या जुळवा.
अ गट
ब गट
a. आहुती देणे
i. आतुरता वाढणे
b. ओढ लागणे
ii. मुळीच नसणे
c. औषधाला नसणे
iii. मोठा त्याग करणे
d. अग्निदिव्य करणे
iv. सर्वस्व अर्पण करणे
a b c d
(1) iv i ii iii
(2) ii iii iv i
(3) iv i iii ii
(4) iii ii iv i
योग्य उत्तर: (1) iv i ii iii
• a. आहुती देणे = iv. सर्वस्व अर्पण करणे ✅
यज्ञात आहुती देणे म्हणजे सर्वस्व अर्पण करणे — संपूर्ण बलिदान करणे.
• b. ओढ लागणे = i. आतुरता वाढणे ✅
एखाद्या गोष्टीची ओढ लागणे म्हणजे त्याबद्दल तळमळ व आतुरता निर्माण होणे.
• c. औषधाला नसणे = ii. मुळीच नसणे ✅
'औषधालासुद्धा नाही' म्हणजे अगदीच नाही, मुळीच नसणे.
• d. अग्निदिव्य करणे = iii. मोठा त्याग करणे ✅
अग्नीतून जाऊन शुद्धता सिद्ध करणे — मोठ्या कठीण परीक्षेला सामोरे जाणे / मोठा त्याग करणे.
Question 7: पुढील वाक्प्रचाराचा अर्थ काय आहे ?
'वाखाणणी करणे'
a. स्तुती करणे
b. दुर्लक्ष करणे
c. आनंदी होणे
d. दुःखी होणे
(1) a, c बरोबर बाकी सर्व चूक
(2) फक्त a बरोबर बाकी सर्व चूक
(3) सर्व चूक
(4) सर्व बरोबर
योग्य उत्तर: (2) फक्त a बरोबर बाकी सर्व चूक
'वाखाणणी करणे' म्हणजे एखाद्याची किंवा एखाद्या गोष्टीची स्तुती करणे, प्रशंसा करणे, कौतुक करणे.
• a. स्तुती करणे ✅ — हाच या वाक्प्रचाराचा अचूक अर्थ आहे.
• b. दुर्लक्ष करणे ❌ — दुर्लक्ष करणे म्हणजे लक्ष न देणे; वाखाणणीशी विरुद्ध अर्थ.
• c. आनंदी होणे ❌ — आनंदी होणे हा वाखाणणीचा अर्थ नाही.
• d. दुःखी होणे ❌ — असंबंधित अर्थ.
Question 8: पुढील वाक्प्रचाराचा अर्थ काय आहे ?
'अंगाची लाही होणे'
(1) रागाने बेफाम होणे
(2) जबाबदारी टाळणे
(3) सर्व बाजूंनी संकटे येणे
(4) शेवट करणे
योग्य उत्तर: (1) रागाने बेफाम होणे
'अंगाची लाही होणे' — 'लाही' म्हणजे आग किंवा ज्वाळा. अंगाची लाही होणे म्हणजे संपूर्ण शरीर आगीसारखे जळू लागणे — म्हणजेच अत्यंत तीव्र राग येणे, संतापाने बेभान होणे.
• पर्याय (2) — जबाबदारी टाळणे — असंबंधित अर्थ. ❌
• पर्याय (3) — सर्व बाजूंनी संकटे येणे — असंबंधित अर्थ. ❌
• पर्याय (4) — शेवट करणे — असंबंधित अर्थ. ❌
Question 9: 'पोबारा करणे' या वाक्प्रचाराचा अर्थ कोणता ते सांगा ?
(1) भीती वाटणे
(2) वैधव्य येणे
(3) पळून जाणे
(4) नाश करणे
योग्य उत्तर: (3) पळून जाणे
'पोबारा करणे' म्हणजे घाईने पळून जाणे, सटकणे, निसटून जाणे. एखादी व्यक्ती संकट किंवा धोका टाळण्यासाठी चुपचाप निघून जाते तेव्हा हा वाक्प्रचार वापरतात.
उदाहरण: "पोलीस आले हे पाहताच चोरट्याने पोबारा केला."
• पर्याय (1) भीती वाटणे — भीती हे कारण असू शकते, पण वाक्प्रचाराचा अर्थ नाही. ❌
• पर्याय (2) वैधव्य येणे — असंबंधित अर्थ. ❌
• पर्याय (4) नाश करणे — असंबंधित अर्थ. ❌
Question 10: वाक्प्रचार आणि त्याचे अर्थ यांच्या जोड्या लावा.
अ गट
ब गट
a. सुपारी देणे
i. मरण येणे
b. दिवा विझणे
ii. फसवणे
c. तुरी देणे
iii. साठा करणे
d. बेगमी करणे
iv. आमंत्रण देणे
a b c d
(1) iv i ii iii
(2) i ii iv iii
(3) iii ii i iv
(4) iii iv ii i
योग्य उत्तर: (1) iv i ii iii
• a. सुपारी देणे = iv. आमंत्रण देणे ✅
पूर्वी कार्यक्रमाचे आमंत्रण देताना सुपारी देण्याची प्रथा होती — त्यावरून हा वाक्प्रचार.
• b. दिवा विझणे = i. मरण येणे ✅
दिवा विझणे म्हणजे जीवनज्योत मालवणे — मृत्यू होणे.
• c. तुरी देणे = ii. फसवणे ✅
एखाद्याला तुरी देणे म्हणजे त्याला गंडवणे, चकवा देणे, फसवणे.
• d. बेगमी करणे = iii. साठा करणे ✅
भविष्यासाठी धान्य/वस्तूंचा साठा करणे म्हणजे बेगमी करणे.
Question 11: 'समाजातील दुष्टप्रवृत्तीचे लोक' या शब्दसमूहासाठी एक शब्द.
• अवर्णनीय — ज्याचे वर्णन करता येत नाही असे. ❌
• स्वामीनिष्ठ — स्वामीशी एकनिष्ठ असणारा. ❌
• मूकबधीर — बोलता व ऐकता न येणारी व्यक्ती. ❌
Question 12: 'वेदांश कोणत्याही प्रश्नाचे तत्काळ उत्तर देतो.' यातील अधोरेखित शब्दसमूहाऐवजी एक शब्द.
(1) अष्टपैलू
(2) बुद्धिप्रामाण्यवादी
(3) संशोधक
(4) हजरजबाबी
योग्य उत्तर: (4) हजरजबाबी
हजरजबाबी म्हणजे कोणत्याही प्रश्नाचे किंवा परिस्थितीचे लगेच, तत्काळ उत्तर देण्याची क्षमता असणारी व्यक्ती. ✅
• अष्टपैलू — अनेक क्षेत्रांत कौशल्य असणारा. ❌
• बुद्धिप्रामाण्यवादी — बुद्धीला प्रमाण मानणारा. ❌
• संशोधक — संशोधन करणारा. ❌
Question 13: पुढीलपैकी सामासिक शब्द कोणता ?
(1) वनभोजन
(2) झोपाळू
(3) कलमदान
(4) सायकल
योग्य उत्तर: (1) वनभोजन
सामासिक शब्द म्हणजे काय?
दोन किंवा अधिक शब्दांचा विग्रह करता येतो असा एकत्रित शब्द म्हणजे सामासिक शब्द.
• वनभोजन = वन + भोजन → वनातील भोजन ✅ सामासिक शब्द (तत्पुरुष समास)
• झोपाळू — 'झोप' + 'आळू' प्रत्यय — हा साधित शब्द आहे, सामासिक नाही. ❌
• कलमदान — हा फारसी भाषेतून आलेला परभाषीय शब्द आहे; मराठी समास नाही. ❌
• सायकल — हा इंग्रजीतून आलेला परभाषीय शब्द आहे. ❌
Question 14: पुढीलपैकी सिद्ध शब्द कोणता ?
(1) यश
(2) यशस्वी
(3) अपयशी
(4) यशश्री
योग्य उत्तर: (1) यश
सिद्ध शब्द म्हणजे काय?
ज्या शब्दात कोणताही उपसर्ग, प्रत्यय लावलेला नसतो आणि जो समासाने बनलेला नसतो — म्हणजे मूळ स्वरूपात असलेला शब्द — त्याला सिद्ध शब्द म्हणतात.
• यश — मूळ शब्द, कोणताही बदल नाही. ✅ सिद्ध शब्द
• यशस्वी — यश + स्वी (प्रत्यय) → साधित शब्द ❌
• अपयशी — अप (उपसर्ग) + यश + ई (प्रत्यय) → साधित शब्द ❌
• यशश्री — यश + श्री → सामासिक शब्द ❌
Question 15: 'अभिभाषण' हा शब्द आहे.
(1) प्रत्ययसाधित
(2) सामासिक
(3) उपसर्गसाधित
(4) अभ्यस्त
योग्य उत्तर: (3) उपसर्गसाधित
शब्दाचे विश्लेषण: अभिभाषण = अभि + भाषण
• अभि — हा संस्कृत उपसर्ग आहे (अर्थ: समोर, प्रति, विशेषतः)
• भाषण — मूळ शब्द
मूळ शब्दाच्या आधी उपसर्ग लावून तयार झालेल्या शब्दाला उपसर्गसाधित शब्द म्हणतात. ✅
इतर उपसर्गसाधित उदाहरणे: अभिमान, अभिनय, अभिवादन
• प्रत्ययसाधित — शब्दाच्या शेवटी प्रत्यय लावलेला असतो. ❌
• सामासिक — दोन स्वतंत्र शब्द एकत्र येतात. ❌
• अभ्यस्त — शब्दाची पुनरावृत्ती होते. ❌
Question 16: 'अरेरे, आणि, कडे' ही अनुक्रमे कोणत्या अव्ययांची उदाहरणे आहेत ?
(1) उभयान्वयी, शब्दयोगी, केवलप्रयोगी
(2) केवलप्रयोगी, उभयान्वयी, शब्दयोगी
(3) क्रियाविशेषण, उभयान्वयी, शब्दयोगी
(4) शब्दयोगी, उभयान्वयी, केवलप्रयोगी
योग्य उत्तर: (2) केवलप्रयोगी, उभयान्वयी, शब्दयोगी
• अरेरे → केवलप्रयोगी अव्यय ✅
दुःख, खेद व्यक्त करणारे उद्गारवाचक अव्यय. वाक्याशी व्याकरणिक संबंध नसतो.
• आणि → उभयान्वयी अव्यय ✅
दोन शब्द किंवा वाक्ये जोडणारे अव्यय (समुच्चयबोधक उभयान्वयी).
• कडे → शब्दयोगी अव्यय ✅
नामाला किंवा सर्वनामाला जोडले जाणारे अव्यय — दिशा/संबंध दर्शवते.
उदा. घराकडे, माझ्याकडे
मराठी व्याकरणात, जेव्हा आपण एखाद्याला हाक मारतो (संबोधन), तेव्हा त्या नावापुढे किंवा शब्दापुढे स्वल्पविराम (Comma - ,) वापरला जातो.
उदाहरणे:
• मुलांनो, इकडे या.
• रमेश, पुस्तक दे.
Question 18: बरोबर असलेला पर्याय लिहा.
a. ट्, ठ्, प्, फ् ही मृदू व्यंजने आहेत.
b. ग्, घ्, ब्, भ् ही कठोर व्यंजने आहेत.
c. ण्, ङ्, म्, न् ही अनुनासिके आहेत.
(1) केवळ a बरोबर, b, c चूक
(2) केवळ b बरोबर, a, c चूक
(3) केवळ c बरोबर, a, b चूक
(4) a, b, c बरोबर
योग्य उत्तर: (3) केवळ c बरोबर, a, b चूक
व्यंजनांचे प्रकार:
• a. ट्, ठ्, प्, फ् — मृदू व्यंजने ❌ चूक
ट्, ठ् ही कठोर (अघोष) व्यंजने आहेत. प्, फ् हीसुद्धा कठोर (अघोष) व्यंजने आहेत. मृदू नव्हे.
• b. ग्, घ्, ब्, भ् — कठोर व्यंजने ❌ चूक
ग्, घ्, ब्, भ् ही मृदू (घोष) व्यंजने आहेत. कठोर नव्हे.
• c. ण्, ङ्, म्, न् — अनुनासिके ✅ बरोबर
ही सर्व नासिकेतून उच्चारली जाणारी व्यंजने आहेत — यांना अनुनासिके म्हणतात.
पाच वर्गांतील पाचवे व्यंजन अनुनासिक असते: ङ्, ञ्, ण्, न्, म्
Question 19: 'आजारानंतर मला आता खेळवते' या वाक्यातील 'खेळवते' या क्रियापदास काय म्हणतात ?
(1) शक्य क्रियापद
(2) सिद्ध क्रियापद
(3) प्रयोजक क्रियापद
(4) अनियमित क्रियापद
योग्य उत्तर: (1) शक्य क्रियापद
वाक्याचे विश्लेषण:
• वाक्य: 'आजारांनंतर मला आता खेळवते.'
• क्रियापद: 'खेळवते'
व्याकरण: ज्या क्रियापदाद्वारे कर्त्याला ती क्रिया करण्याची शक्यता किंवा सामर्थ्य सूचित होते, त्याला 'शक्य क्रियापद' म्हणतात.
• या वाक्यात आजारपणानंतर आता खेळणे शक्य झाले आहे असा अर्थ निघतो, म्हणून 'खेळवते' हे शक्य क्रियापद आहे.
इतर पर्यायांचे स्पष्टीकरण:
• संख्याविशेषण — संख्या दर्शवते. उदा. पाच मुले. ❌
• सार्वनामिक विशेषण — सर्वनामापासून बनते. उदा. हे, ते, कोणते. ❌
• पूर्णांकवाचक विशेषण — संख्याविशेषणाचा प्रकार. उदा. तीन, सात. ❌
Question 21: खालीलपैकी शक्य क्रियापद असणारे वाक्य कोणते ?
(1) मी अभ्यास करीत नाही.
(2) मी आत जातो.
(3) मला तिखट खाववते.
(4) राम चहा पितो.
योग्य उत्तर: (3) मला तिखट खाववते.
शक्य क्रियापद म्हणजे काय?
ज्या क्रियापदाने क्रिया करण्याची शक्यता किंवा क्षमता दर्शवली जाते, त्याला शक्य क्रियापद म्हणतात. मराठीत 'वते' हा प्रत्यय लागतो.
• खाववते = खाणे शक्य होते / खाण्याची क्षमता आहे → शक्य क्रियापद ✅
शक्य क्रियापदाची रचना:
मूळ धातू + व + ते/वते
उदा. खाणे → खाव + वते = खाववते
पिणे → पिव + वते = पिववते
• पर्याय (1) — करीत नाही → नकारार्थी वर्तमानकाळ. ❌
• पर्याय (2) — जातो → साधे वर्तमान क्रियापद. ❌
• पर्याय (4) — पितो → साधे वर्तमान क्रियापद. ❌
Question 22: 'वाचन हा व्यक्तीचा सर्वात उत्तम मित्र आहे' हे कोणत्या प्रकारचे वाक्य आहे ?
(1) होकारार्थी वाक्य
(2) संकेतार्थी वाक्य
(3) आज्ञार्थी वाक्य
(4) विध्यर्थी वाक्य
योग्य उत्तर: (1) होकारार्थी वाक्य
होकारार्थी वाक्य म्हणजे काय?
ज्या वाक्यात एखादी गोष्ट आहे, घडते किंवा सत्य आहे असे सांगितले जाते — म्हणजेच होकार दर्शवला जातो — त्याला होकारार्थी वाक्य म्हणतात.
"वाचन हा व्यक्तीचा सर्वात उत्तम मित्र आहे." → एक सत्य/होकारात्मक विधान ✅
Question 23: पुढीलपैकी कोणते वाक्य हे संयुक्त वाक्य आहे ?
(1) नोकरी मिळावी म्हणून तो शहरात जात आहे.
(2) संदीप क्रिकेट खेळतो.
(3) मरावे परी कीर्तीरूपे उरावे.
(4) पाऊस पडला असता तर पीक चांगले आले असते.
योग्य उत्तर: (3) मरावे परी कीर्तीरूपे उरावे.
संयुक्त वाक्य म्हणजे काय?
दोन किंवा अधिक प्रधान वाक्ये प्रधानत्वबोधक उभयान्वयी अव्ययांनी जोडलेली असतात.
• "मरावे परी कीर्तीरूपे उरावे."
प्रधान वाक्य १: मरावे
प्रधान वाक्य २: कीर्तीरूपे उरावे
जोडणारे अव्यय: परी (= परंतु — न्यूनत्वबोधक उभयान्वयी अव्यय) ✅ संयुक्त वाक्य
• पर्याय (1) — "म्हणून" हे गौणत्वसूचक अव्यय → मिश्र वाक्य. ❌
• पर्याय (2) — एकच उद्देश्य, एकच विधेय → केवल वाक्य. ❌
• पर्याय (4) — "तर" हे संकेतार्थी अव्यय → मिश्र/संकेतार्थी वाक्य. ❌
Question 24: दिलेल्या वाक्याचे होकारार्थी विधानात बिनचूक परिवर्तन असलेला पर्याय निवडा.
'पोटभर जेवल्यास कुणाला तृप्ती वाटत नाही ?'
(1) पोटभर जेवल्यास कोण तृप्त होतो ?
(2) पोटभर जेवल्यास प्रत्येक जणाला तृप्ती वाटते.
(3) पोटभर जेवल्याने कुणीही तृप्त होत नसतो.
(4) पोटभर जेऊनही कोणीतरी अतृप्त असतो.
योग्य उत्तर: (2) पोटभर जेवल्यास प्रत्येक जणाला तृप्ती वाटते.
मूळ वाक्याचे विश्लेषण:
"पोटभर जेवल्यास कुणाला तृप्ती वाटत नाही ?" — हे उद्गारवाचक/भावार्थी प्रश्न आहे. यात अर्थ आहे — सर्वांनाच तृप्ती वाटते.
अशा नकारार्थी प्रश्नाचा होकारार्थी अर्थ: पोटभर जेवल्यास प्रत्येक जणाला तृप्ती वाटते. ✅
• पर्याय (1) — अजूनही प्रश्नार्थक आहे. ❌
• पर्याय (3) — नकारार्थी विधान आहे, होकारार्थी नाही. ❌
• पर्याय (4) — अर्थ वेगळा झाला आहे. ❌
Question 25: दिलेल्या वाक्यातील विशेषण बदलून केलेल्या वाक्य परिवर्तनाचा योग्य पर्याय निवडा.
Question 27: 'प्रसन्न' या शब्दाचा विरुद्धार्थी शब्द.
(1) हर्ष
(2) खिन्न
(3) चिडका
(4) निराश
योग्य उत्तर: (2) खिन्न
• प्रसन्न = आनंदी, उत्साही, समाधानी
• खिन्न = उदास, दुःखी, मनात खेद असणारा ✅ — हा प्रसन्नचा अचूक विरुद्धार्थी शब्द आहे.
• हर्ष — आनंद, प्रसन्नतेचाच समानार्थी शब्द. ❌
• चिडका — चिडचिडेपणा दर्शवतो, पण प्रसन्नचा अचूक विरुद्धार्थी नाही. ❌
• निराश — आशा संपलेला; हे प्रसन्नशी संबंधित पण अचूक विरुद्धार्थी नाही. ❌
Question 28: 'सोक्षमोक्ष' हा शब्द शब्दसिद्धीच्या कोणत्या प्रकारात मोडतो ?
(1) अभ्यस्त
(2) अंशाभ्यस्त
(3) पूर्णाभ्यस्त
(4) अनुकरणवाचक
योग्य उत्तर: (2) अंशाभ्यस्त
सोक्षमोक्ष = सोक्ष + मोक्ष
अंशाभ्यस्त शब्द म्हणजे काय?
मूळ शब्दाच्या काही भागात बदल करून तयार होणाऱ्या शब्दाला अंशाभ्यस्त शब्द म्हणतात. यात मूळ शब्दाचा एक भाग बदलतो.
• मोक्ष — मूळ शब्द
• सोक्ष — मोक्षचा बदललेला भाग (अंश बदल)
• सोक्षमोक्ष = अंशाभ्यस्त शब्द ✅
इतर उदाहरणे: घरदार, शेजारीपाजारी, झाडबीड
• पूर्णाभ्यस्त — मूळ शब्द जसाच्या तसा दोनदा येतो. उदा. दिवसदिवस. ❌
• अनुकरणवाचक — आवाजाचे अनुकरण. उदा. फडफड, कडकड. ❌
Question 29: खालीलपैकी शुद्धलेखनदृष्ट्या अचूक शब्द कोणता ?
(1) अथिती
(2) आथिती
(3) अतिथि
(4) अतिथी
योग्य उत्तर: (4) अतिथी
• अतिथी — हा संस्कृतमधून आलेला तत्सम शब्द आहे. मराठी शुद्धलेखन नियमानुसार शब्दाच्या शेवटी दीर्घ ई येतो. ✅
इतर पर्यायांतील चुका:
• अथिती — 'त' ऐवजी 'थ' वापरला आहे. ❌
• आथिती — सुरुवातीला दीर्घ 'आ' आणि 'थ' — दोन्ही चुकीचे. ❌
• अतिथि — शेवटी ऱ्हस्व 'ि' वापरला आहे; मराठीत शब्दाच्या शेवटी दीर्घ 'ी' येतो. ❌
नियम: मराठीत तत्सम शब्द लिहिताना शेवटचा इकार दीर्घ (ी) लिहितात.
Question 30: 'वसुंधरा' चा समानार्थी नसणारा शब्द.
(1) सविता
(2) वसुधा
(3) धरती
(4) धरा
योग्य उत्तर: (1) सविता
वसुंधरा म्हणजे पृथ्वी (वसु = संपत्ती + धरा = धारण करणारी).
वसुंधराचे समानार्थी शब्द:
• वसुधा = पृथ्वी ✅
• धरती = पृथ्वी ✅
• धरा = पृथ्वी ✅
• सविता = सूर्य — हा पृथ्वीचा समानार्थी नाही. ❌
पृथ्वीचे इतर समानार्थी: भूमी, मेदिनी, अवनी, क्षिती, मही, भू
Question 31: म्हणी व त्याचा अर्थ यांच्या योग्य जोड्या जुळवा.
म्हण
अर्थ
a. छत्तीसचा आकडा
i. अत्यंत प्रिय व्यक्ती
b. दुष्काळात तेरावा महिना
ii. विरुद्ध मत असणे
c. नाकाचा बाल
iii. डोईजड होणे
d. नाकापेक्षा मोती जड
iv. संकटात अधिक भर
a b c d
(1) iii i ii iv
(2) ii iv i iii
(3) iv ii iii i
(4) ii i iii iv
योग्य उत्तर: (2) ii iv i iii
• a. छत्तीसचा आकडा = ii. विरुद्ध मत असणे ✅
३ आणि ६ हे आकडे उलटे-सुलटे असतात — यावरून दोघांचे मत परस्पर विरुद्ध असणे.
• b. दुष्काळात तेरावा महिना = iv. संकटात अधिक भर ✅
आधीच दुष्काळ आणि त्यात तेरावा महिना — संकटावर आणखी संकट.
• c. नाकाचा बाल = i. अत्यंत प्रिय व्यक्ती ✅
नाकाचा बाल म्हणजे जिवाभावाचा, अत्यंत जवळचा व प्रिय माणूस.
• d. नाकापेक्षा मोती जड = iii. डोईजड होणे ✅
नाकापेक्षा मोती जड झाला तर नाकच तुटेल — म्हणजे कनिष्ठाने वरिष्ठावर मात करणे / डोईजड होणे.
Question 32: खालील म्हणीचा अचूक अर्थ सांगा.
'भित्या पाठी ब्रम्हराक्षस'
(1) ज्यांच्या अंगात सामर्थ्य तो इतरावर अंमल गाजवतो.
(2) भित्र्या माणसावरच संकटे कोसळतात.
(3) जो वेळेला हजर असतो त्याचा फायदा होतो.
(4) पैशाने सर्व कामे साध्य होतात.
योग्य उत्तर: (2) भित्र्या माणसावरच संकटे कोसळतात.
'भित्या पाठी ब्रम्हराक्षस' — या म्हणीचा अर्थ असा आहे की जो माणूस भित्रा असतो, घाबरत असतो, त्याच्याच पाठीमागे संकटे, त्रास व भीती लागून राहतात.
भित्रा माणूस संकटापासून पळतो, त्यामुळे ते अधिकच त्याच्या मागे लागतात — हिंमतवान माणसाला संकटे टाळता येतात.
• पर्याय (1) — सामर्थ्याबद्दल बोलतो, या म्हणीशी संबंधित नाही. ❌
• पर्याय (3) — वेळेवर हजर राहण्याशी संबंधित नाही. ❌
• पर्याय (4) — पैशाबद्दल बोलतो, असंबंधित. ❌
Question 33: 'पी हळद अन् हो गोरी' या म्हणीचा अर्थ कोणता ते सांगा ?
(1) उतावळेपणा दाखविणे
(2) मूर्ख सल्ला देणारा
(3) संकटात अधिक भर
(4) योग्यतेप्रमाणे वागावे
योग्य उत्तर: (1) उतावळेपणा दाखविणे
'पी हळद अन् हो गोरी' — हळद पिऊन लगेच गोरे होता येत नाही; त्यासाठी वेळ लागतो. या म्हणीचा अर्थ म्हणजे घाई करणे, लवकर परिणाम मिळावा म्हणून उतावळेपणा दाखवणे.
एखादी गोष्ट साध्य होण्यासाठी वेळ लागतो — पण कोणी ताबडतोब फळ मिळावे असे म्हणत असेल तर हळदीचे उदाहरण देऊन त्याच्या उतावळेपणावर भाष्य केले जाते.
• पर्याय (2) — मूर्ख सल्ला देणारा — असंबंधित. ❌
• पर्याय (3) — संकटात भर — असंबंधित. ❌
• पर्याय (4) — योग्यतेप्रमाणे वागणे — असंबंधित. ❌
Question 34: म्हणी आणि त्याचे अर्थ यांच्या जोड्या लावा.
म्हण
अर्थ
a. पाचा मुखी परमेश्वर
i. आईबापाप्रमाणेच मुले
b. दाम करी काम
ii. कुठेही गेले तरी मनुष्यस्वभाव सारखाच
c. खाण तशी माती
iii. पुष्कळ लोक जे बोलतात ते खरे
d. पळसाला पाने तीनच
iv. पैशाने सर्व कामे साध्य होतात
a b c d
(1) iv iii ii i
(2) i ii iii iv
(3) iii iv i ii
(4) ii i iv iii
योग्य उत्तर: (3) iii iv i ii
• a. पाचा मुखी परमेश्वर = iii. पुष्कळ लोक जे बोलतात ते खरे ✅
पाच लोकांच्या तोंडून एकच गोष्ट आली तर ती सत्य मानावी — बहुमताला परमेश्वराची साक्ष.
• b. दाम करी काम = iv. पैशाने सर्व कामे साध्य होतात ✅
पैसा (दाम) असला की सर्व काम होते.
• c. खाण तशी माती = i. आईबापाप्रमाणेच मुले ✅
जशी खाण (आईबाप) तसेच त्यातून निघालेले (मुले).
• d. पळसाला पाने तीनच = ii. कुठेही गेले तरी मनुष्यस्वभाव सारखाच ✅
पळसाला कुठेही पाने तीनच असतात — तसेच माणसाचा स्वभाव सर्वत्र सारखाच.
Question 35: 'उपकारामुळे मिळालेल्या सवलतीचा दुरुपयोग करू नये' या आशयासाठी योग्य म्हण.
(1) मऊ सापडले म्हणून कोपराने खणू नये
(2) भटाला दिली ओसरी भट हातपाय पसरी
(3) वाकड्या बोटाशिवाय तूप निघत नाही
(4) हातचे सोडून पळत्याच्या पाठी लागू नये
योग्य उत्तर: (1) मऊ सापडले म्हणून कोपराने खणू नये
म्हणीचा अर्थ: एखादी व्यक्ती उपकाराने किंवा दयाळूपणाने सवलत देते, तेव्हा त्या सवलतीचा गैरफायदा घेऊ नये — मऊ जागा सापडली म्हणून कोपराने खोदून नुकसान करू नये. ✅
• पर्याय (2) भटाला दिली ओसरी भट हातपाय पसरी — हे उलट सांगते की सवलत दिली की माणूस अधिकच आरामात बसतो — हा दुरुपयोगाचा अर्थ दर्शवतो, पण 'करू नये' हा उपदेश नाही. ❌
• पर्याय (3) वाकड्या बोटाशिवाय तूप निघत नाही — चुकीच्या मार्गाशिवाय काम होत नाही. असंबंधित. ❌
• पर्याय (4) हातचे सोडून पळत्याच्या पाठी लागू नये — निश्चित सोडून अनिश्चितेच्या मागे जाऊ नये. असंबंधित. ❌
Question 36: खालीलपैकी कोणते वर्ण तालव्य आणि दन्ततालव्य उच्चारले जातात ?
(1) प, फ, ब, भ
(2) ट, ठ, ड, ढ
(3) च, छ, ज, झ
(4) य, र, ल, व
योग्य उत्तर: (3) च, छ, ज, झ
उच्चारस्थानाप्रमाणे वर्णांचे प्रकार:
• च, छ, ज, झ — हे वर्ण तालव्य आहेत — जीभ टाळ्याला (तालू) लावून उच्चारले जातात. ✅
• प, फ, ब, भ — ओष्ठ्य — दोन्ही ओठांनी उच्चारले जातात. ❌
• ट, ठ, ड, ढ — मूर्धन्य — जीभ मूर्ध्याला (टाळूच्या वरच्या भागाला) लावून उच्चारले जातात. ❌
• य, र, ल, व — अंतःस्थ वर्ण — वेगवेगळ्या ठिकाणी उच्चारले जातात. ❌
Question 37: खालीलपैकी संयुक्त स्वर कोणते ?
(1) अ, इ, उ, ऋ
(2) आ, ई, ऊ, ऋ
(3) अ, ऊ, लृ, औ
(4) ए, ऐ, ओ, औ
योग्य उत्तर: (4) ए, ऐ, ओ, औ
संयुक्त स्वर म्हणजे काय?
दोन स्वरांच्या एकत्रीकरणातून तयार होणाऱ्या स्वरांना संयुक्त स्वर म्हणतात.
मूळ वाक्य: "श्रीमंत माणसांना गर्व असतो."
• श्रीमंत — येथे हे विशेषण आहे (माणसांचा गुण सांगते).
नामात रूपांतर:
विशेषण 'श्रीमंत' → नाम 'श्रीमंत' (व्यक्तीवाचक नाम म्हणून)
'माणसांना' हे शब्द काढून 'श्रीमंत' हे स्वतःच नाम म्हणून वापरले → "श्रीमंतांना गर्व असतो." ✅
• पर्याय (1) — विशेषणाचे नामात रूपांतर केले नाही, वाक्यरचना बदलली. ❌
• पर्याय (3) — अपूर्ण वाक्य, अर्थ बदलला. ❌
• पर्याय (4) — चुकीचा पर्याय. ❌
Question 39: पुढील विधाने वाचा.
a. कर्तरी प्रयोगात क्रियापद हे कर्त्याच्या तंत्राप्रमाणे चालते.
b. कर्मणी प्रयोगात कर्ता हा प्रथमान्त कधीच नसतो.
c. भावे प्रयोगात कर्ता किंवा कर्म हे दोन्ही गौण असतात.
(1) फक्त a बरोबर
(2) a, b, c बरोबर
(3) फक्त b चूक, a व c बरोबर
(4) a, b, c चूक
योग्य उत्तर: (2) a, b, c बरोबर
• a. कर्तरी प्रयोग — कर्तरी प्रयोगात क्रियापद कर्त्याच्या लिंग, वचन, पुरुषाप्रमाणे (तंत्राप्रमाणे) बदलते. ✅ बरोबर
• b. कर्मणी प्रयोग — कर्मणी प्रयोगात कर्ता हा 'ने', 'शी', 'स' अशा विभक्तीत (द्वितीयान्त, तृतीयान्त) येतो — कर्ता कधीच प्रथमान्त (मुख्य) नसतो. ✅ बरोबर
• c. भावे प्रयोग — भावे प्रयोगात कर्ता आणि कर्म दोन्ही गौण असतात; क्रियापद नेहमी तृतीयपुरुषी नपुंसकलिंगी एकवचनात असते. ✅ बरोबर
प्रश्न क्र. 41 ते 45 : पुढील उतारा वाचून प्रश्नांची योग्य ती उत्तरे लिहा.
जगातील प्रत्येक माणसाने प्रकाशाचा संबंध आनंदाशी जोडला आहे. अन् अर्थातच काळोखाचा संबंध दुःख, संकटाशी; दिवाळीचा सण तर साक्षात प्रकाशोत्सव ! लक्ष्मीचे पूजन, तिची आराधना अन् तिचे कायमचे वास्तव्य राहावे यासाठी घरे, दुकाने, व्यवसायाची जागा यांची साफसफाई करण्यात मनुष्य गुंतून जातो. जिथे उजेड, प्रकाश, चमचमाट, लखलखाट, स्वच्छता अन् रोषणाई तिथे तिथे लक्ष्मीचे चैतन्यमयी कायमस्वरूपी वास्तव्य. जिथे अंधार, काळोख, कुबट वातावरण, बकालपणा, अस्वच्छता तिथे दारिद्र्य ! लक्ष्मी तिथे जाण्यास अनुत्सुक ! हे अंधारलेले बकालपण, दारिद्र्यामुळे येते की बकालपणामुळे दारिद्र्य येते ? अन् केवळ दारिद्र्यामुळेच काळोख आहे हे तरी कितपत सत्य आहे ? केवळ रोषणाई अन् झगझगाट जिथे आहे तिथेदेखील दुसऱ्या अनेक प्रकारचे दारिद्र्य असतेच की, जसे वैचारिक दारिद्र्य, मानसिक दारिद्र्य, आपल्याजवळ केवळ लक्ष्मी टिकून राहावी अन् त्यातून कणभरही इतरांना द्यावेसे वाटू नये असे वैचारिक दारिद्र्य असणारी धनकनकसंपन्न माणसे खूप आहेत. घरात सर्व प्रकारची सुबत्ता असूनही कोऱ्या मनाची माणसे नात्यांमध्ये तणाव उत्पन्न करत जगतात. त्यांच्या घरी कितीही नेत्रदीपक रोषणाई असली तरी घरातील काही माणसांची मने उपेक्षेने, वंचनेने काळोखलेलीच असतात. खरा दीपावलीचा अर्थ नीट कळलेलाच नसतो अशा लोकांना. आपल्यासारख्या प्रापंचिकांना, पंचपक्वान्ने, दिवाळीचा फराळ, वस्त्र-आभूषण खरेदी, शुभेच्छांची देवाणघेवाण यापलीकडे या एकमेवाद्वितीय प्रकाशोत्सवी सणाचा अर्थ कळून घेण्याची काय गरज, असेही कुणाला वाटून जाईल. पण 'दुरितांचे तिमीर जावो' अशी नम्र मागणी विठ्ठलाकडे करणारे ज्ञानेश्वरच 'गृहस्थाश्रमु न सांगता । कर्म रेखा नोलांडिता ।' विठ्ठलभक्तीचा मार्ग समाजाला सांगून गेले आहेत. प्रत्येकच संताच्या आयुष्यात विठ्ठलाची आराधना करून जेव्हा आत्मसाक्षात्काराचा सूर्योदय झाला, तेव्हा तेव्हा जीवन्मुक्तावस्थेच्या त्या अनुपम क्षणी त्यांच्या मनातला तो आनंद त्यांनी वर्णन केला; तेव्हा तेव्हा प्रकाशाचाच उल्लेख आलेला आहे. रात्रंदिवस विठ्ठल दर्शनासाठी झुरणाऱ्या नामदेवांना जेव्हा विठ्ठलाने उराशी धरले तेव्हा त्यांची तहानभूक हरवली.
नामदेवांच्या अभंगरचनांमधून असा वारंवार, आत्मानंदाचा संबंध दिवाळीच्या सणाशी जोडल्याचे उल्लेख सापडतात. भवतापाने दग्ध झालेले तुकाराम जेव्हा विठ्ठलाचा धावा करतात, प्रसंगी त्याची याचना करतात तर कधी कधी त्याला रोखठोक सवाल करतात. कधी चक्क शिव्या देतात परंतु एका अलौकिक क्षणी जेव्हा त्यांना दिव्य प्रचिती येते तेव्हा 'अंतरीची ज्योती । प्रकाशली दीप्ती' असे वर्णन ते करतात. विठ्ठलचरणी स्थिरावलेल्या मनातला तो अंतिम मुक्तीचा क्षण जेव्हा अनुभवाला येतो, त्याक्षणी त्या जीवन्मुक्त आनंदाचा संबंध प्रकाशाशीच जोडला जातो. 'पाजळला दीपु । फिटला अंधकारू वो' हीच खरी दिवाळी. हाच खरा प्रकाशोत्सव ! प्रत्येक संतमन हेच सांगून जाते. आजच्या तंत्रज्ञानाच्या वेगवान प्रगतीच्या काळात, दिवाळीच्या सणातून आपण नेमके काय शिकायचे ? 'म्हणोनि ज्ञानदेवो म्हणे । अनुभवामृते येणे । सणु भोगिजे सणे । विश्वाचेनि ।।' ज्ञानेश्वर सांगून गेले आहेत की, अनुभवामृतात जो रमेल त्याला सणवाराची कृत्रिम सुखेही तुच्छ वाटतील. आपण तर सामान्य प्रापंचिक माणसे; अमृतानुभव येणे खूप दुष्प्राप्य आहे.
Question 41: कोऱ्या मनाची माणसे नात्यात तणाव निर्माण करतात, जेव्हा —
अ. त्यांच्या घरात सुबत्ता असते; परंतु मानसिक दारिद्र्यही असते.
ब. लक्ष्मीचे चैतन्यमयी कायमस्वरूपी वास्तव्य त्यांच्या घरात नसते.
क. त्यांच्या घरात नेत्रदीपक रोषणाई असते.
ड. त्यांच्या मनात लखलखाट असतो.
(1) अ आणि ब बरोबर
(2) ब आणि क बरोबर
(3) फक्त अ बरोबर
(4) फक्त ड बरोबर
योग्य उत्तर: (3) फक्त अ बरोबर
उताऱ्यात स्पष्टपणे म्हटले आहे — "घरात सर्व प्रकारची सुबत्ता असूनही कोऱ्या मनाची माणसे नात्यांमध्ये तणाव उत्पन्न करत जगतात."
याचा अर्थ — बाहेरून सुखवस्तू असलेली पण आतून मानसिक दारिद्र्य असलेली माणसे नात्यांत तणाव निर्माण करतात.
• अ. घरात सुबत्ता + मानसिक दारिद्र्य = तणावाचे कारण ✅ बरोबर
• ब. लक्ष्मीच्या वास्तव्याचा उल्लेख तणावाशी थेट जोडलेला नाही. ❌
• क. नेत्रदीपक रोषणाई असली तरी मने काळोखलेली असतात असे उताऱ्यात आहे — रोषणाई हे तणावाचे कारण नाही. ❌
• ड. मनात लखलखाट असतो — उताऱ्यात असे म्हटलेले नाही. ❌
Question 42: मराठी संतांनी दिवाळीचा संबंध कशाशी जोडलेला आहे ?
Question 43: जीवन्मुक्त आनंदाचा संबंध दिवाळीशी का जोडला जातो ?
अ. कारण मनातला अंधार फिटला जातो.
ब. कारण दिवाळीला अनेक दीप उजळले जातात.
क. कारण अंतरीची ज्योत प्रकाशमान होते.
ड. कारण दिवाळी हा प्रकाशाचा उत्सव असतो.
(1) अ चूक बाकी सर्व बरोबर
(2) क चूक बाकी सर्व बरोबर
(3) अ आणि क बरोबर बाकी सर्व चूक
(4) फक्त ड बरोबर बाकी सर्व चूक
योग्य उत्तर: (3) अ आणि क बरोबर बाकी सर्व चूक
उताऱ्यातील संदर्भ:
• अ. मनातला अंधार फिटला जातो ✅ "पाजळला दीपु। फिटला अंधकारू वो" — मनातील अंधार (अज्ञान, दुःख) नष्ट होणे हीच खरी दिवाळी असे उताऱ्यात म्हटले आहे.
• क. अंतरीची ज्योत प्रकाशमान होते ✅ "अंतरीची ज्योती। प्रकाशली दीप्ती" — तुकारामांनी याच क्षणाचे वर्णन दिवाळीशी जोडले आहे.
• ब. दिवाळीला अनेक दीप उजळले जातात — हे बाह्य/लौकिक कारण आहे; संतांचा संदर्भ आत्मज्योतीशी आहे. ❌
• ड. दिवाळी हा प्रकाशाचा उत्सव असतो — हे सामान्य कारण आहे; जीवन्मुक्त आनंदाशी थेट संबंध नाही. ❌
Question 44: प्रस्तुत उताऱ्याचे सार काय ?
अ. उजेडाची व्याख्या
ब. दिवाळीचा सण
क. दिव्यांचे प्रकार
ड. 'उजेडा'ची ओळख
(1) फक्त ड बरोबर
(2) फक्त क बरोबर
(3) फक्त ब बरोबर
(4) फक्त अ बरोबर
योग्य उत्तर: (1) फक्त ड बरोबर
उताऱ्याचे सार:
संपूर्ण उतारा हा केवळ दिवाळीच्या सणाचे वर्णन करत नाही, तर खऱ्या उजेडाची ओळख करून देतो — म्हणजेच बाह्य रोषणाई नव्हे, तर अंतरीची ज्योत, आत्मज्ञान, मनातील अंधार दूर करणे हा खरा प्रकाश आहे हे सांगतो.
संतांचे अभंग, ज्ञानेश्वर, नामदेव, तुकाराम यांच्या उल्लेखांतून हेच सांगितले आहे की 'उजेड' म्हणजे केवळ दिवे नाही — तर आत्मानंदाचा, जीवन्मुक्तीचा अनुभव.
• ड. 'उजेडा'ची ओळख ✅ — उताऱ्याचे खरे सार.
• अ. उजेडाची व्याख्या — व्याख्या नव्हे, ओळख करून देणे. ❌
• ब. दिवाळीचा सण — दिवाळी हा निमित्तमात्र आहे, मुख्य विषय नाही. ❌
• क. दिव्यांचे प्रकार — उताऱ्यात दिव्यांचे प्रकार सांगितलेले नाहीत. ❌
Question 45: मानसिक दारिद्र्य असेल तर कोणत्या गोष्टीला अर्थ उरत नाही ?
(1) बकालपण
(2) श्रीमंती
(3) दानशूरपणा
(4) आत्मसाक्षात्कार
योग्य उत्तर: (2) श्रीमंती
उताऱ्यात स्पष्टपणे म्हटले आहे — "आपल्याजवळ केवळ लक्ष्मी टिकून राहावी अन् त्यातून कणभरही इतरांना द्यावेसे वाटू नये असे वैचारिक दारिद्र्य असणारी धनकनकसंपन्न माणसे खूप आहेत."
तसेच — "घरात सर्व प्रकारची सुबत्ता असूनही कोऱ्या मनाची माणसे नात्यांमध्ये तणाव उत्पन्न करत जगतात."
म्हणजेच, मानसिक दारिद्र्य असेल तर श्रीमंतीला (धन-संपत्तीला) काहीच अर्थ उरत नाही — ती केवळ बाह्य असते, आत्मिक समाधान नसते. ✅
• पर्याय (1) बकालपण — हे दारिद्र्याचे लक्षण आहे, अर्थहीन होणारी गोष्ट नाही. ❌
• पर्याय (3) दानशूरपणा — उताऱ्याचा मुद्दा आहे की मानसिक दारिद्र्यामुळे देण्याची वृत्तीच नसते. ❌
• पर्याय (4) आत्मसाक्षात्कार — हा उताऱ्याचा उच्च आदर्श आहे, प्रश्नाशी थेट संबंधित नाही. ❌
Question 46: 'साटेलोटे' या शब्दाचा प्रकार पुढीलपैकी कोणता ?
(1) सामासिक
(2) नादानुकरणवाचक
(3) अंशाभ्यस्त
(4) पूर्णाभ्यस्त
योग्य उत्तर: (3) अंशाभ्यस्त
साटेलोटे = साटे + लोटे
अंशाभ्यस्त शब्द म्हणजे काय?
मूळ शब्दाच्या काही भागात (अंशात) बदल करून तयार होणाऱ्या शब्दाला अंशाभ्यस्त शब्द म्हणतात.
• साटे — मूळ शब्द
• लोटे — 'सा' चे 'लो' मध्ये बदल झाला (अंश बदल)
• साटेलोटे = अंशाभ्यस्त शब्द ✅
इतर अंशाभ्यस्त उदाहरणे: घरदार, शेजारीपाजारी, झाडबीड, सोक्षमोक्ष
• सामासिक — दोन स्वतंत्र शब्दांचा समास असतो. ❌
• नादानुकरणवाचक — आवाजाचे अनुकरण. उदा. फडफड, कडकड. ❌
• पूर्णाभ्यस्त — मूळ शब्द जसाच्या तसा दोनदा येतो. उदा. दिवसदिवस. ❌
Question 47: खालील वाक्याचा प्रकार सांगा.
'नद्यांना प्रचंड पूर आला.'
(1) नकारार्थी वाक्य
(2) प्रश्नार्थक वाक्य
(3) विधानार्थी वाक्य
(4) आज्ञार्थक वाक्य
योग्य उत्तर: (3) विधानार्थी वाक्य
विधानार्थी वाक्य म्हणजे काय?
ज्या वाक्यात एखादी घटना, गोष्ट किंवा माहिती सांगितली जाते (विधान केले जाते), त्याला विधानार्थी वाक्य म्हणतात.
"नद्यांना प्रचंड पूर आला." — ही एक घटना सांगणारे होकारार्थी विधान आहे. ✅
• नकारार्थी वाक्य — वाक्यात 'नाही', 'नको' असे नकार असतो. ❌
• प्रश्नार्थक वाक्य — वाक्यात प्रश्न विचारला जातो (?). ❌
• आज्ञार्थक वाक्य — वाक्यात आज्ञा, विनंती असते. ❌
Question 48: पुढीलपैकी विधानार्थी वाक्य कोणते ?
(1) तू आलास तर मी येईन.
(2) पावसात खेळू नकोस.
(3) वादळामुळे फार विनाश झाला आहे.
(4) अरेरे! फार वाईट झालं.
योग्य उत्तर: (3) वादळामुळे फार विनाश झाला आहे.
विधानार्थी वाक्य म्हणजे काय?
ज्या वाक्यात एखादी घटना किंवा माहिती साध्या पद्धतीने सांगितली जाते, त्याला विधानार्थी वाक्य म्हणतात.
• (3) वादळामुळे फार विनाश झाला आहे. — एक तथ्य/घटना सांगणारे होकारार्थी विधान ✅
इतर पर्यायांचे प्रकार:
• (1) तू आलास तर मी येईन. — संकेतार्थी वाक्य (जर-तर). ❌
• (2) पावसात खेळू नकोस. — आज्ञार्थी/नकारार्थी वाक्य. ❌
• (4) अरेरे! फार वाईट झालं. — उद्गारार्थी वाक्य. ❌
Question 49: पुढीलपैकी मिश्र वाक्य ओळखा.
(1) राजांनी गनिमी कावा करण्याचे ठरवले; तेव्हाच खानाचा पराभव निश्चित झाला.
(2) तो या वेळी घरी असेल किंवा पोहायला गेलेला असेल.
(3) आकाशात ढग जमले आणि पाहता पाहता पाऊस कोसळू लागला.
(4) मी बाजारात जाईन व मला पाहिजे ते सर्व साहित्य घेऊन येईन.
योग्य उत्तर: (1) राजांनी गनिमी कावा करण्याचे ठरवले; तेव्हाच खानाचा पराभव निश्चित झाला.
मिश्र वाक्य म्हणजे काय?
एक प्रधान वाक्य + एक किंवा अधिक गौण वाक्ये गौणत्वसूचक अव्ययांनी जोडलेली असतात.
• (1) "राजांनी गनिमी कावा करण्याचे ठरवले" — गौण वाक्य (क्रियाविशेषण गौणवाक्य)
"तेव्हाच खानाचा पराभव निश्चित झाला" — प्रधान वाक्य तेव्हाच — गौणत्वसूचक अव्यय → मिश्र वाक्य ✅
• (2) — "किंवा" (विकल्पबोधक) → संयुक्त वाक्य. ❌
• (3) — "आणि" (समुच्चयबोधक) → संयुक्त वाक्य. ❌
• (4) — "व" (समुच्चयबोधक) → संयुक्त वाक्य. ❌
Question 50: पुढीलपैकी प्रत्ययसाधित शब्द कोणता ?
(1) वाढपी
(2) सायकल
(3) ताप
(4) दरवर्षी
योग्य उत्तर: (1) वाढपी
प्रत्ययसाधित शब्द म्हणजे काय?
मूळ शब्दाला शेवटी प्रत्यय जोडून तयार झालेल्या शब्दाला प्रत्ययसाधित शब्द म्हणतात.
• सायकल — इंग्रजीतून आलेला परभाषीय/सिद्ध शब्द. ❌
• ताप — मूळ/सिद्ध शब्द, कोणताही प्रत्यय लागलेला नाही. ❌
• दरवर्षी — 'दर' (उपसर्ग) + 'वर्ष' + 'ई' (प्रत्यय) — हा उपसर्गसाधितही आहे; परंतु 'वाढपी' हा अधिक स्पष्ट प्रत्ययसाधित शब्द आहे. ❌
Question 51: Which suffix to the word "develop" will make the sentence meaningful?
"The develop_______ of the new technology has seen significant improvement."
a. er
b. ed
c. ment
d. ing
(1) c and d both
(2) c only
(3) a and b both
(4) d only
Correct Answer: (2) c only
Sentence: "The development of the new technology has seen significant improvement."
The blank requires a noun because it follows the article "The" and is the subject of the sentence.
• c. -ment → development = noun ✅ — "The development of new technology" is grammatically correct.
Why others are wrong:
• a. -er → developer = noun (a person), but "The developer of the new technology has seen significant improvement" — awkward meaning. ❌
• b. -ed → developed = adjective/past tense verb, not a standalone noun subject here. ❌
• d. -ing → developing = present participle/adjective, not a noun subject here. ❌
Question 52: Which of the following words are opposite in meaning to 'reluctant'?
a. averse
b. hesitant
c. enthusiastic
d. keen
(1) a and c both
(2) b and c both
(3) c and d both
(4) a and d both
Correct Answer: (3) c and d both
Reluctant means unwilling, hesitant, or disinclined to do something.
Antonyms of reluctant:
• c. Enthusiastic — eager and excited to do something ✅ (opposite of reluctant)
• d. Keen — eager, willing, and interested ✅ (opposite of reluctant)
Why others are wrong:
• a. Averse — means strongly disinclined or opposed; a synonym of reluctant. ❌
• b. Hesitant — means uncertain or slow to act; another synonym of reluctant. ❌
Question 53: Complete the sentence by choosing the correct option given below the sentence.
"Our school __________ rivals easily."
a. beat
b. bit
c. beet
d. bet
(1) b and d both
(2) c and d both
(3) a only
(4) b only
Correct Answer: (3) a only
Sentence: "Our school beat rivals easily."
• a. beat — means to defeat/overcome. "Our school beat rivals easily." ✅ Grammatically and contextually correct.
Why others are wrong:
• b. bit — past tense of "bite" (to use teeth). "Our school bit rivals" — makes no sense. ❌
• c. beet — a root vegetable (noun). Cannot be used as a verb here. ❌
• d. bet — means to wager/gamble. "Our school bet rivals easily" — incorrect context. ❌
Note: "Beat" is both the present and past tense form (irregular verb: beat → beat → beaten).
Question 54: Identify the correctly spelt word underlined, in the following sentences.
a. Her constant criticism began to alienate her friends and family.
b. Her constant criticism began to allienate her friends and family.
c. Her constant criticism began to allienated her friends and family.
d. Her constant criticism began to aliennate her friends and family.
(1) a only
(2) b only
(3) c only
(4) d only
Correct Answer: (1) a only
The correct spelling is alienate — meaning to cause someone to feel isolated or estranged.
Correct spelling breakdown: a-l-i-e-n-a-t-e ✅
Why others are wrong:
• b. allienate — double 'l' is incorrect. ❌
• c. allienated — double 'l' + wrong tense used after "began to" (should be base form). ❌
• d. aliennate — double 'n' is incorrect. ❌
Grammar note: After "began to", the base form of the verb is used → "began to alienate" ✅
Question 55: Select the closest synonym of "adulate" in the sentence.
"Despite his peers' disdain, he continued to adulate influential figures, seeking their favour."
(1) Flatter
(2) Deride
(3) Neglect
(4) Oppose
Correct Answer: (1) Flatter
Adulate means to admire or praise someone excessively — to flatter or fawn over someone, often to gain their favour.
Synonym: Flatter — to praise someone excessively or insincerely, often to gain an advantage. ✅
The context confirms this: "seeking their favour" — showing that the praise was motivated by self-interest, which aligns with flattery.
Why others are wrong:
• (2) Deride — to mock or ridicule; the opposite of adulate. ❌
• (3) Neglect — to fail to care for or pay attention to; unrelated. ❌
• (4) Oppose — to resist or go against; opposite in meaning. ❌
Question 56: 'I wished my brother had been here.'
The Past Perfect Tense in the sentence above has been used to indicate ______
a. unreal situation
b. hypothetical situation
c. an action which had already occurred in the past
d. completion of action
(1) Only b
(2) Only d
(3) Only c
(4) Only a
Correct Answer: (1) Only b — unreal situation
Question 57: The words underlined in the sentences (i), (ii) and (iii) above exemplify ______
i. I seldom go to the movies.
ii. He always comes late to class.
iii. I never sit in the last row.
a. adverbs of time
b. adverbs of duration
c. adverbs of frequency
d. adverbs of degree
(1) Only c
(2) Only d
(3) Only b
(4) Only a
Correct Answer: (1) Only c — adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of Frequency tell us how often an action occurs.
• Seldom — rarely, not often ✅
• Always — every time, without exception ✅
• Never — not at any time ✅
All three words answer the question "How often?" → they are adverbs of frequency. ✅
Why others are wrong:
• a. Adverbs of time — tell when (yesterday, soon, now, then). ❌
• b. Adverbs of duration — tell how long (briefly, temporarily, for a while). ❌
• d. Adverbs of degree — tell to what extent (very, quite, almost, extremely). ❌
Common adverbs of frequency: always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never.
Question 58: The words underlined in the sentences (i) and (ii) above are _______ respectively.
i. This is my book.
ii. This book is mine.
a. Possessive pronoun, possessive adjective
b. Possessive pronoun, possessive pronoun
c. Possessive adjective, possessive pronoun
d. Personal pronoun, possessive pronoun
(1) Only d
(2) Only c
(3) Only a
(4) Only b
Correct Answer: (2) Only c — Possessive adjective, possessive pronoun
Analysis:
• i. "This is my book." "My" comes before a noun ("book") and modifies it → it is a Possessive Adjective. ✅
Possessive adjectives: my, your, his, her, its, our, their
• ii. "This book is mine." "Mine" stands alone (no noun after it) and replaces "my book" → it is a Possessive Pronoun. ✅
Possessive pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs
Key Rule:
• Possessive adjective = always followed by a noun (my, your, his...)
• Possessive pronoun = stands alone, replaces noun (mine, yours, his...)
Question 59: Spot the part in which there is error in the following sentence:
'The cost of all the necessaries / have / gone up.'
a b c
(1) Only d
(2) Only a
(3) Only b
(4) Only c
Correct Answer: (4) Only c
The error in the sentence "The cost of/all the necessaries/have/gone up" is in part c.
AnalysisSubject: The subject of the sentence is "The cost" (singular).
Verb: The verb used is "have" (plural).
Rule: According to subject-verb agreement, a singular subject requires a singular verb. Therefore, "have" should be replaced with "has".
Question 60: Choose the correct meaning for the idiom: "To cool one's heels"
(1) To close the chapter
(2) To walk on the heels
(3) To remain in comfortable position
(4) Wait or be kept waiting
Correct Answer: (4) Wait or be kept waiting
"To cool one's heels" is an idiom meaning to wait or be forced to wait — often impatiently, for someone who is making you wait deliberately or unnecessarily.
Origin: The phrase comes from the image of a horse or person cooling their heels after a long walk — standing and waiting with nothing to do.
Example: "I had to cool my heels in the waiting room for two hours before the doctor saw me."
Why others are wrong:
• (1) "To close the chapter" — means to end something; unrelated. ❌
• (2) "To walk on the heels" — literal interpretation, not the idiomatic meaning. ❌
• (3) "To remain in comfortable position" — incorrect; waiting is often uncomfortable. ❌
Question 61: The decision has baffled the cast and crew of the film. Select the correct opposite word for the underlined.
(1) Confused
(2) Stunned
(3) Cleared
(4) Enlightened
Correct Answer: (4) Enlightened
Baffled means to confuse or perplex someone completely — to leave them unable to understand something.
The opposite of baffled is Enlightened — meaning to give someone knowledge, clarity, or understanding; to make something clear. ✅
Why others are wrong:
• (1) Confused — a synonym of baffled, not an antonym. ❌
• (2) Stunned — means shocked or astonished; also similar in effect to baffled. ❌
• (3) Cleared — means made free of obstruction; partially related but not the best antonym in context. ❌
There was a mobile on the table, so I picked it up and said, "_______ mobile is this?"
(1) Whose
(2) Whom
(3) Who
(4) When
Correct Answer: (1) Whose
"Whose mobile is this?" ✅
Whose is used to ask about possession or ownership — it asks to whom something belongs.
In this sentence, the speaker wants to know who owns the mobile → "Whose mobile is this?" is the correct question.
Why others are wrong:
• (2) Whom — used as an object pronoun for people (e.g. "To whom did you speak?"), not for possession. ❌
• (3) Who — used to ask about a person as a subject (e.g. "Who called?"), not possession. ❌
• (4) When — used to ask about time (e.g. "When did you come?"), not possession. ❌
Wh-word guide:
• Who → person (subject)
• Whom → person (object)
• Whose → possession ✅
• When → time
Question 63: Identify the cohesive device used in the following sentences:
"He has been in office for only a few months. He has, however, achieved more than any of his predecessors."
a. Contrast
b. Concession
c. Addition
d. Transition
(1) Both b and c
(2) Only b
(3) Both a and d
(4) Only d
Correct Answer: (2) Only b
Question 64: Identify the indirect narration of the following sentence:
"Where do you want to go now?" he said to me.
a. He asked I want to go at that time.
b. He asked me where I wanted to go then.
c. He asked whether I wanted to go then.
d. He questioned me about where I wanted to go then.
(1) Both a and b
(2) Both b and d
(3) Both c and d
(4) All of the above
Correct Answer: (2) Both b and d
Rules for Indirect Speech (Wh- Questions):
• Reporting verb: "said to" → "asked"
• Wh-word retained: "where"
• Tense change: "do want" → "wanted" (backshift)
• Pronoun change: "you" → "I"
• Time change: "now" → "then"
• Word order: question order → statement order
• b. "He asked me where I wanted to go then." ✅ — All rules correctly applied.
• d. "He questioned me about where I wanted to go then." ✅ — "questioned about" is an acceptable alternative reporting structure.
Why others are wrong:
• a. "He asked I want to go at that time" — no "me", wrong tense ("want" not changed), incorrect structure. ❌
• c. "He asked whether I wanted to go then" — "whether" is used for Yes/No questions, not Wh-questions. ❌
Question 65: Change the following into the superlative degree:
"Prevention is better than cure."
a. Prevention is always better than cure.
b. Prevention is as good as cure.
c. Prevention is the best cure.
d. Prevention is better than any cure.
(1) Both a and c
(2) Both b and d
(3) Only c
(4) Only d
Correct Answer: (3) Only c
Degrees of Comparison:
• Positive: good
• Comparative: better
• Superlative: best
Original (Comparative): "Prevention is better than cure." Superlative: "Prevention is the best cure." ✅
This correctly converts the comparative degree ("better than") into the superlative degree ("the best"), maintaining the same meaning.
Why others are wrong:
• a. "always better than" — still comparative degree, just adds "always". ❌
• b. "as good as" — this is the positive degree, not superlative. ❌
• d. "better than any cure" — this is still comparative degree (used to express superlative meaning, but structurally comparative). ❌
Question 66: What is the meaning of the phrase, 'to grease the palm'?
a. to massage
b. to clap
c. to bribe
d. to stretch
(1) Only d
(2) Only b
(3) Only c
(4) Only a
Correct Answer: (3) Only c — to bribe
"To grease the palm" is an idiom meaning to bribe someone — to give money or gifts illegally or unethically to gain a favour or advantage.
Origin: The phrase comes from the idea of putting grease (money) into someone's hand (palm) to make things run smoothly — like lubricating a machine.
Example: "He had to grease the palm of the official to get his application processed quickly."
Why others are wrong:
• (a) to massage — literal use of "grease" and "palm"; not the idiomatic meaning. ❌
• (b) to clap — unrelated to the idiom. ❌
• (d) to stretch — unrelated to the idiom. ❌
Question 67: Which phrase best defines "climbdown"?
(1) A retreat from a previous position
(2) An act of admitting that you were wrong
(3) A steady approach to a goal
(4) A refusal to compromise
Correct Answer: (2) An act of admitting that you were wrong
A "climbdown" is a withdrawal from a previously held position, opinion, or demand, usually in the face of opposition. It typically involves an admission that a previous stance was untenable or incorrect. While it can involve a "retreat" (option 1), it specifically carries the connotation of a public or formal reversal of an argument or policy.
Question 68: Identify the correct sentence or sentences using the phrase "the salt of the earth".
a. The arrogant businessman was the salt of the earth, and looked down on everyone else.
b. The gentle teacher, who took extra time to help struggling students, was the salt of the earth.
c. The fire fighter, who risked his life to save others, was the salt of the earth.
d. The con artist was the salt of the earth, and everyone trusted him with their money.
(1) all the above
(2) a and d both
(3) b and c both
(4) a and b both
Correct Answer: (3) b and c both
"The salt of the earth" means a person or people of great kindness, honesty, integrity, and worth — someone who is genuinely good and valuable to society.
• b. The gentle teacher who helped struggling students ✅ — shows kindness and dedication; correctly uses the phrase.
• c. The firefighter who risked his life to save others ✅ — shows bravery and selflessness; correctly uses the phrase.
Why others are wrong:
• a. An arrogant businessman who looks down on others ❌ — arrogance and looking down on people is the opposite of "salt of the earth" qualities.
• d. A con artist ❌ — a fraudster who deceives people is the complete opposite of someone who is honest and trustworthy; "the salt of the earth" is used incorrectly here.
Question 69: Which of the following sentences indicate the subjunctive mood?
a. Is he really making things difficult?
b. Come what may, we will go ahead.
c. It is necessary for every member to inform himself of these rules.
d. Run to the shop.
(1) a and b both
(2) b and c both
(3) c and d both
(4) a and d both
Correct Answer: (2) b and c both
Subjunctive Mood expresses wishes, hypothetical situations, demands, necessities, or conditions contrary to fact.
• b. "Come what may, we will go ahead." ✅
"Come what may" is a classic subjunctive construction — it expresses a hypothetical/conditional idea ("whatever may come"). The verb "come" is in subjunctive form (not "comes"). ✅
• c. "It is necessary for every member to inform himself of these rules." ✅
Expressions of necessity (it is necessary that...) trigger the subjunctive mood. The use of "inform himself" reflects the subjunctive structure. ✅
Why others are wrong:
• a. "Is he really making things difficult?" — This is an interrogative sentence in the indicative mood. ❌
• d. "Run to the shop." — This is an imperative mood (command/instruction). ❌
Question 70: What kind of pronoun "Each" is in the following sentence?
"Each should love his own country."
a. Reciprocal pronoun
b. Relative pronoun
c. Distributive pronoun
d. Indefinite pronoun
(1) c and d both
(2) c only
(3) a and b both
(4) d only
Correct Answer: (2) c only — Distributive pronoun
Distributive Pronoun refers to persons or things one at a time — each member of a group separately.
• "Each" refers to every individual member of a group, considered separately. ✅
Common distributive pronouns: each, either, neither
In the sentence: "Each should love his own country" — "each" refers to every individual person separately → Distributive Pronoun ✅
Why others are wrong:
• a. Reciprocal pronoun — used when two or more subjects act on each other (each other, one another). ❌
• b. Relative pronoun — connects a clause to a noun (who, which, that). ❌
• d. Indefinite pronoun — refers to non-specific persons/things (someone, anyone, nobody, all). "Each" is specifically distributive, not indefinite. ❌
Question 71: The correct passive voice of the sentence "People have seen wolves in the streets." is ___________
(1) Wolves were seen in the streets by people.
(2) Wolves has been seen in the streets by people.
(3) Wolves have been seen in the streets by people.
(4) Wolves were being seen in the streets by people.
Correct Answer: (3) Wolves have been seen in the streets by people.
Active to Passive Voice — Present Perfect Tense:
Active Voice
Passive Voice
Subject + have/has + V3 + Object
Object + have/has + been + V3 + by + Subject
People have seen wolves
Wolves have been seen by people ✅
• New subject: Wolves (plural) → auxiliary: have (not "has") ✅
• Tense: Present Perfect → have been seen ✅
Why others are wrong:
• (1) "were seen" → Simple Past Passive — wrong tense. ❌
• (2) "has been seen" → singular auxiliary; "wolves" is plural, needs "have". ❌
• (4) "were being seen" → Past Continuous Passive — wrong tense. ❌
Question 72: Identify the compound sentence from the following sentences.
(1) The child is sleeping.
(2) He was tired, so he went to bed early.
(3) Although it was cold, she went for a walk.
(4) The poetry collection was interesting.
Correct Answer: (2) He was tired, so he went to bed early.
What is a Compound Sentence?
A compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so — FANBOYS).
• (2) "He was tired" + "so" (coordinating conjunction) + "he went to bed early" → Two independent clauses joined by "so" → Compound Sentence ✅
Why others are wrong:
• (1) "The child is sleeping." — Simple sentence (one independent clause). ❌
• (3) "Although it was cold, she went for a walk." — "Although" is a subordinating conjunction → Complex sentence. ❌
• (4) "The poetry collection was interesting." — Simple sentence (one independent clause). ❌
Question 73: In the sentence "The ubiquitous nature of social media has permeated even the most remote corners of the globe." What does "ubiquitous" mean?
(1) Present in only specific regions
(2) Found sporadically
(3) Being present everywhere
(4) Gradually diminishing
Correct Answer: (3) Being present everywhere
Ubiquitous means present, appearing, or found everywhere — seeming to be everywhere at the same time.
The context confirms this: "...has permeated even the most remote corners of the globe" — suggesting social media is found everywhere, even in distant locations. ✅
Why others are wrong:
• (1) "Present in only specific regions" — the opposite of ubiquitous; ubiquitous means everywhere, not specific regions. ❌
• (2) "Found sporadically" — sporadic means occasional/irregular; ubiquitous means constant and everywhere. ❌
• (4) "Gradually diminishing" — means decreasing; ubiquitous implies widespread presence, not decline. ❌
Example: "Mobile phones have become ubiquitous in modern life."
Question 74: Which of the following words is an example of polysemy?
a. A big and small
b. Bank (financial institution and river bank)
c. Dog and cat
d. Happy and sad
(1) b only
(2) c and d both
(3) a, c and d
(4) d only
Correct Answer: (1) b only
Polysemy refers to a single word having multiple related meanings.
• b. Bank ✅ — "Bank" can mean:
1. A financial institution (where money is kept)
2. The side/edge of a river
Both meanings belong to the same word with different but related senses → Polysemy ✅
Why others are wrong:
• a. Big and small — these are antonyms (opposite meanings). ❌
• c. Dog and cat — these are two different words for different animals; no semantic overlap. ❌
• d. Happy and sad — these are antonyms (opposite meanings). ❌
Other examples of polysemy:
• "Bright" = intelligent / full of light
• "Head" = top of body / leader of organization
Question 75: Which is the noun forming suffix for the word, 'disinfect'?
a. -ee
b. -ness
c. -ment
d. -ant
(1) Only b
(2) Only d
(3) Only c
(4) Only a
Correct Answer: (2) Only d
The noun-forming suffix for the word 'disinfect' is -ant, resulting in the word disinfectant.
• a. -ee (incorrect: disinfectee is not standard)
• b. -ness (incorrect: disinfectness is not a word)
• c. -ment (incorrect: disinfectment is not standard)
• d. -ant (correct: disinfectant)
Therefore, the correct choice is (2) Only d.
Question 76: The patient has turned the corner. Identify the correct meaning of the underlined idiom.
(1) Changed for the worse
(2) Changed the position
(3) Passed a critical point
(4) Turned to destruction
Correct Answer: (3) Passed a critical point
"To turn the corner" is an idiom meaning to pass the most difficult or dangerous stage of a situation and begin to improve — to reach a turning point after which things get better.
In a medical context: "The patient has turned the corner" means the patient has survived the most critical phase of illness and is now on the path to recovery. ✅
Example: "After months of struggle, the company finally turned the corner and started making profits."
Why others are wrong:
• (1) "Changed for the worse" — the opposite; turning the corner implies improvement. ❌
• (2) "Changed the position" — a literal interpretation; not the idiomatic meaning. ❌
• (4) "Turned to destruction" — completely opposite in meaning. ❌
Question 77: Choose the correct alternative where words are spelt correctly.
Errors in other options:
• (2) Committment (extra 't') and Entreprenuer (letters transposed: 'neur' not 'nuer') ❌
• (3) Committment, Entreprenuer, Guarrantee (double 'r' incorrect) ❌
• (4) Supervisar (ending should be '-or' not '-ar') ❌
Question 78: Identify the linguistic concept for the following examples.
e.g. lead = metal
lead = dog's lead
a. Homonyms
b. Synonyms
c. Polysemy
d. Homographs
(1) Only a
(2) Only d
(3) Only c
(4) Only b
Correct Answer: (2) Only d — Homographs
Homographs are words that are spelled the same but have different meanings and often different pronunciations.
• lead (metal) — pronounced /lɛd/ (rhymes with "bed")
• lead (dog's lead / to guide) — pronounced /liːd/ (rhymes with "feed")
Same spelling, different meaning, different pronunciation → Homographs ✅
Why others are wrong:
• a. Homonyms — words that are spelled AND pronounced the same but have different meanings (e.g. "bat" = animal / cricket bat). Here pronunciation differs. ❌
• b. Synonyms — words with the same or similar meanings (e.g. happy/joyful). ❌
• c. Polysemy — one word with multiple related meanings (e.g. "head" = body part / leader). The meanings of "lead" are unrelated. ❌
Question 79: Choose the correct meaning of the phrase, 'to thrive' in the given example.
The plants growing in deserts can thrive without water.
a. Perish
b. Survive
c. Succumb
d. Die
(1) Only c
(2) Only b
(3) Only d
(4) Only a
Correct Answer: (2) Only b — Survive
Thrive means to grow, develop, or flourish — to be successful or healthy, especially in difficult conditions.
In the given sentence: "Plants growing in deserts can thrive without water" — meaning they can survive and grow well even without water. ✅
Among the given options, Survive is the closest in meaning — it captures the sense of living and continuing to grow despite harsh conditions.
Why others are wrong:
• a. Perish — means to die or be destroyed; the opposite of thrive. ❌
• c. Succumb — means to yield to something or die; opposite meaning. ❌
• d. Die — means to cease living; direct opposite of thrive. ❌
Question 80: Choose the wrongly spelled word.
(1) Vicious
(2) Conscience
(3) Panicy
(4) Amount
Correct Answer: (3) Panicy — wrongly spelled
The correct spelling is Panicky (with double 'k') — meaning feeling or showing panic.
Rule: When adding the suffix "-y" to words ending in 'c', a 'k' is inserted to preserve the hard /k/ sound.
• Panic + y → Panicky ✅ (not "Panicy")
• Similarly: Frolic → Frolicky, Mimic → Mimicky
Question 81: Identify from the following the sentence, with the correct use of preposition.
a. He insisted to leave immediately.
b. He insisted for leaving immediately.
c. He insisted on leaving immediately.
d. He insisted upon leaving immediately.
(1) d only
(2) a only
(3) c only
(4) b only
Correct Answer: (3) c only — "He insisted on leaving immediately."
Rule: The verb "insist" is followed by the preposition "on" when followed by a gerund (-ing form).
• insist on + gerund → "He insisted on leaving immediately." ✅
Why others are wrong:
• a. "insisted to leave" — "insist" is not followed by an infinitive (to + verb). ❌
• b. "insisted for leaving" — "for" is not the correct preposition with "insist". ❌
• d. "insisted upon leaving" — "upon" is an archaic/formal alternative but in standard modern English, "on" is the correct and accepted preposition. In most exam contexts, "on" is preferred. ❌
Standard pattern: insist + on + gerund ✅
Question 82: Identify the correct sentence in the 'Past Perfect Continuous Tense' from the options given below.
(1) I worked at the office until I got promoted.
(2) I was working at the office five years back.
(3) I worked at the office five years back.
(4) I had been working at the office for five years when I got the promotion.
Correct Answer: (4) I had been working at the office for five years when I got the promotion.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense Structure: Subject + had been + V-ing + (for/since) + time expression
• (4) "I had been working at the office for five years when I got the promotion." ✅
This shows an action that was ongoing in the past and continued up to another past event ("when I got the promotion"). ✅
Why others are wrong:
• (1) "I worked" → Simple Past Tense. ❌
• (2) "I was working" → Past Continuous Tense. ❌
• (3) "I worked" → Simple Past Tense. ❌
Question 83: Identify the meaning of preposition underlined in the sentence.
'We camped there for the summer.'
a. sometime
b. all through
c. ever
d. across
(1) Only b
(2) Only c and d
(3) Only a and b
(4) Only d
Correct Answer: (1) Only b — all through
In the sentence "We camped there for the summer", the preposition "for" indicates a duration of time — meaning they camped throughout / all through the summer season.
• b. all through ✅ — "for the summer" = all through the summer = for the entire duration of summer.
Why others are wrong:
• a. sometime — "sometime" means at an unspecified point in time; "for" here indicates a full duration, not a vague point. ❌
• c. ever — means at any time; unrelated to the duration meaning here. ❌
• d. across — means from one side to another; a spatial preposition, not applicable here. ❌
Question 84: Identify the type of mood expressed in the sentence.
'The inspector inspected the school.'
a. Subjunctive
b. Imperative
c. Indicative
d. Conjunctive
(1) Only d
(2) Only c
(3) Only a
(4) Only b
Correct Answer: (2) Only c — Indicative
In the sentence "The inspector inspected the school", the verb "inspected" expresses a real, factual action that actually took place. This is the hallmark of the Indicative mood.
• c. Indicative ✅ — used to state facts, make assertions, or describe real events. ✔
Why others are wrong:
• a. Subjunctive — expresses doubt, wish, hypothesis, or condition (e.g., "If the inspector were to inspect the school…"). Not applicable here. ❌
• b. Imperative — gives a command or request (e.g., "Inspect the school!"). The sentence makes no command. ❌
• d. Conjunctive — another term used for the subjunctive in some grammar traditions; not applicable to a factual statement. ❌
Question 85: Choose the correct punctuated sentence from the following sentences.
a. "Play well", the captain said to the players, "and shoot a goal."
b. 'Play well'; the captain said, to the players, and shoot a goal.
c. Play well? the captain said "to the players", and shoot a goal.
d. Play well! the captain said to the players. And shoot a goal.
(1) Only a
(2) Only c
(3) Only d
(4) Only b
Correct Answer: (1) Only a
The sentence "Play well", the captain said to the players, "and shoot a goal." is correctly punctuated. When a direct speech is interrupted by a reporting clause, the quoted parts are enclosed in double quotation marks, and the reporting clause is set off by commas.
• a. ✅ — Correct use of double quotes around the spoken words, with commas separating the reporting clause. The structure follows standard punctuation rules for split dialogue.
Why others are wrong:
• b. — Uses a semicolon after the first quoted part, which is incorrect. A semicolon cannot separate a direct speech segment from its reporting clause. Also uses single quotes inconsistently. ❌
• c. — A question mark after "Play well?" is incorrect as the sentence is not a question. Placing the reporting clause in quotes ("to the players") is also wrong. ❌
• d. — An exclamation mark after "Play well!" breaks the flow of the sentence incorrectly, and "And shoot a goal." as a separate sentence fragments the direct speech unnaturally. ❌
Question 86: Choose the synonym of the underlined word.
"At the time of my retirement I do not have malice towards my colleagues."
(1) Affection
(2) Animosity
(3) Love
(4) Devotion
Correct Answer: (2) Animosity
The word "malice" means the intention or desire to do evil or cause harm to others; ill will. Its closest synonym among the options is Animosity, which means strong hostility or hatred toward someone.
• Animosity ✅ — means active, strong hostility or ill feeling; directly synonymous with malice. ✔
Why others are wrong:
• (1) Affection — means fondness or liking; this is the opposite (antonym) of malice. ❌
• (3) Love — a deep positive feeling; again the antonym of malice, not a synonym. ❌
• (4) Devotion — means loyalty and dedication; carries a positive sense, completely opposite to malice. ❌
Question 87: The idiom - 'Red tape' correctly means
a. dark coloured tape
b. the same reply given by officers to many enquiring persons
c. over-use of rules, formalities etc. in administration
d. old-fashioned tape-recorder
(1) b only
(2) d only
(3) c only
(4) a only
Correct Answer: (3) c only — over-use of rules, formalities etc. in administration
The idiom "Red tape" refers to excessive bureaucracy, rigid adherence to formal rules, and unnecessary official formalities that delay or obstruct action. It is commonly used to describe frustrating administrative procedures.
• c. over-use of rules, formalities etc. in administration ✅ — This is the precise and universally accepted meaning of the idiom "red tape". ✔
Why others are wrong:
• a. dark coloured tape — "Red tape" is an idiom, not a literal description of any tape or its colour. ❌
• b. the same reply given by officers to many enquiring persons — This describes a bureaucratic behaviour but is not the meaning of the idiom "red tape". ❌
• d. old-fashioned tape-recorder — Completely unrelated to the idiomatic meaning of "red tape". ❌
Question 88: The word which replaces the phrase - 'One who hates women' correctly is
a. Misogamist
b. Misogynist
c. Misanthrope
d. Monogynist
(1) d only
(2) a only
(3) b only
(4) c only
Correct Answer: (3) b only — Misogynist
The word "Misogynist" is derived from Greek roots — misos (hatred) + gynē (woman). It precisely means a person who hates or has a strong prejudice against women.
• b. Misogynist ✅ — One who hates women. Exact one-word substitution. ✔
Why others are wrong:
• a. Misogamist — From misos (hatred) + gamos (marriage); means one who hates marriage, not women. ❌
• c. Misanthrope — From misos (hatred) + anthropos (human being); means one who hates mankind in general, not specifically women. ❌
• d. Monogynist — From mono (one) + gynē (woman); refers to one who practices monogamy or has only one wife; no sense of hatred. ❌
Question 89: Identify the sentence in which the idiom 'a white elephant' is correctly used.
a. He bought a white elephant.
b. The Government's plan to build a new dam has been criticised as a white elephant.
c. A journey by air is a white elephant for the ordinary.
d. A white elephant is one of the rarest species today.
(1) Both a and b
(2) Both b and c
(3) Both a and c
(4) Both a and d
Correct Answer: (2) Both b and c
The idiom "a white elephant" means something that is costly to maintain, burdensome, or useless despite its size or apparent importance — a possession or project that costs more than it is worth.
• b. ✅ — The Government's dam project being called a white elephant correctly implies it is an expensive, wasteful, and impractical undertaking. ✔
• c. ✅ — Describing air travel as a white elephant for ordinary people correctly conveys it is a costly and unaffordable affair for the common man. ✔
Why others are wrong:
• a. He bought a white elephant. — This uses "white elephant" literally, referring to the actual animal, not the idiom. ❌
• d. A white elephant is one of the rarest species today. — Again, this refers to the animal in a literal, biological sense and does not use the idiom at all. ❌
Question 90: Identify the correct meaning of underlined phrase in the given sentence.
Even after three meetings the negotiations are at a standstill.
a. finalized
b. unable to go on
c. upto the mark
d. to the point
(1) a and c
(2) only d
(3) only b
(4) only a
Correct Answer: (3) only b — unable to go on
The phrase "at a standstill" means a situation in which all movement, progress, or activity has completely stopped. In the given sentence, the negotiations have made no progress even after three meetings — they are stuck and unable to move forward.
• b. unable to go on ✅ — perfectly captures the meaning of "at a standstill"; the negotiations have come to a halt and cannot proceed. ✔
Why others are wrong:
• a. finalized — means completed or concluded; "at a standstill" implies the opposite — nothing has been concluded. ❌
• c. upto the mark — means meeting the required standard; completely unrelated to the idea of being stuck or halted. ❌
• d. to the point — means relevant or concise; has no connection with the meaning of "at a standstill". ❌
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions from 91 to 95: The world has come around to the view that democracy is essential for full human development. And only education and skill development can make this possible. Democracy cannot be sustained unless the electorate is well informed, chooses its leadership wisely and this leadership is intellectually empowered by a multi-dimensional intelligence. The world view of economic development has completely changed: it is no longer believed to be driven by human labour, as Karl Marx said or by capital, as Alfred Marshall stated, but is knowledge-driven. For application of knowledge, innovations are required and for more original research, we need many more young minds at the frontier. Knowledge is gender-neutral and hence the 21st century offers a great opportunity to level the gender inequality of the last thousand years in India. The youth require a mental faculty endowed with multi-dimensional intelligence. It is not adequate to foster cognitive intelligence alone - as is being done in India's educational campuses today but to also develop the other dimensions of intelligence: emotional, social, moral, spiritual, environmental and innovational. India's vast youth population is its demographic potential dividend but only if equipped and enabled with this seven-dimensional intelligence. The nation must, therefore, structure a national education policy for the youth so that the seven dimensions of intelligence can be manifested in every young man and woman. Only then will the demographic dividend not be wasted. These seven dimensions constitute the ability of a person to live a productive life and for the national good. Hence, a policy for India's youth has to be structured within the implied parameters of these dimensions. The first parameter of such a policy is ability empowerment - the development of the seven types of intelligence. The second is a collective mindset about the legacy and future of the nation. This means knowing the correct de-falsified history of India. The third is the commitment to a social contract of rights and obligations such as a fundamental right to quality primary and secondary education, right to work, an obligation to compete for most positions of employment on merit, practice gender equality and place national interests above selfish interests. A national education policy is, therefore, a framework for the comprehensive growth of the nation's young population, to enable them to be positioned in life for personal advancement as well contribute to national greatness. India, however, lacks today a properly structured policy for the development of its youth. As a result, many young people are led astray by drugs and crime.
Question 91: In the light of the argument in the passage, the correct statement/s is/are
a. The status of India's youth population as the country's demographic dividend is conditional.
b. The educational campuses in India today focus on developing the cognitive intelligence of the students.
c. The economic development of a nation today has to be knowledge-driven.
d. Karl Marx's and Alfred Marshall's view of economic development of a nation is invalid in the current global scenario.
(1) Only a and d
(2) Only b
(3) Only c and d
(4) All a, b, c and d
Correct Answer: (4) All a, b, c and d
All four statements are directly supported by the passage. Let us verify each one:
• a. ✅ — The passage states: "India's vast youth population is its demographic potential dividend but only if equipped and enabled with this seven-dimensional intelligence." The word "only if" makes the dividend status clearly conditional. ✔
• b. ✅ — The passage explicitly says: "It is not adequate to foster cognitive intelligence alone — as is being done in India's educational campuses today." This directly confirms that Indian campuses currently focus only on cognitive intelligence. ✔
• c. ✅ — The passage states: "The world view of economic development has completely changed... it is knowledge-driven." This confirms that modern economic development must be knowledge-driven. ✔
• d. ✅ — The passage says economic development is no longer believed to be driven by human labour (Karl Marx) or by capital (Alfred Marshall), implying both views are invalid in today's global scenario. ✔
Question 92: The multi-dimensional intelligence of a person, for instance a student, is very essential because
a. It leads him to productive life as well as national good.
b. It commits him to a social contract of rights and obligations.
c. It is a part of the nation's educational policy.
d. It helps to define the parameters of national educational policy.
(1) Only c
(2) Only d
(3) Only a
(4) Only b
Correct Answer: (3) Only a
The passage directly states: "These seven dimensions constitute the ability of a person to live a productive life and for the national good." This precisely matches statement a — that multi-dimensional intelligence leads a person to a productive life as well as national good.
• a. ✅ — Directly supported by the passage; the seven dimensions of intelligence enable a productive life and contribute to national good. ✔
Why others are wrong:
• b. — The social contract of rights and obligations is described in the passage as the third parameter of national education policy, not a direct outcome of multi-dimensional intelligence itself. ❌
• c. — The passage does not say multi-dimensional intelligence is merely "a part" of the nation's educational policy; rather, the policy must be structured around these dimensions. ❌
• d. — It is the other way around: the seven dimensions of intelligence imply the parameters of education policy, but that is not why they are essential for the individual student. ❌
Question 93: Many young people in India succumb to drugs and criminal activities because
a. They spend most of their time outside their educational campuses.
b. The nation lacks a properly defined educational policy for their fostering.
c. They neglect Karl Marx's and Alfred Marshall's theory of the nation's economic development.
d. They care only about their personal advancement.
(1) Only c
(2) Only d
(3) Only b
(4) Only a
Correct Answer: (3) Only b
The passage concludes with a direct statement: "India, however, lacks today a properly structured policy for the development of its youth. As a result, many young people are led astray by drugs and crime." This directly establishes the absence of a proper national youth/education policy as the reason why young people fall into drugs and criminal activities.
• b. ✅ — The passage explicitly links the lack of a properly structured national education policy to young people being led astray by drugs and crime. ✔
Why others are wrong:
• a. — The passage makes no mention of young people spending time outside educational campuses as a cause for drug use or crime. ❌
• c. — Karl Marx's and Alfred Marshall's theories are mentioned only in the context of outdated views on economic development; they have no connection to youth falling into drugs or crime. ❌
• d. — The passage does mention personal advancement as a goal of education policy, but does not state that caring only about personal advancement leads youth to drugs and crime. ❌
Question 94: The development of multi-dimensional intelligence of youth population implies
a. Creating awareness among the youth about gender-equality.
b. Fostering the innovative mindset of the youth population.
c. Fostering the cognitive, emotional, social, moral, spiritual, environmental and innovative intelligence of the youth population.
d. Creating awareness among the youth about their individual rights as well as national obligations.
(1) Only d
(2) Only b
(3) Only a
(4) Only c
Correct Answer: (4) Only c
The passage explicitly lists the seven dimensions of intelligence that youth must be equipped with: "cognitive intelligence... emotional, social, moral, spiritual, environmental and innovational." Statement c precisely captures all seven dimensions as described in the passage, making it the most complete and accurate answer.
• c. ✅ — Directly mirrors the passage's enumeration of all seven dimensions of intelligence — cognitive, emotional, social, moral, spiritual, environmental and innovational. ✔
Why others are wrong:
• a. — Gender equality is mentioned in the passage in the context of knowledge being gender-neutral and as part of the social contract, but it is not one of the seven dimensions of intelligence. ❌
• b. — Fostering an innovative mindset is only one of the seven dimensions (innovational intelligence); it does not represent the full scope of multi-dimensional intelligence. ❌
• d. — Awareness of rights and national obligations relates to the third parameter (social contract) of national education policy, not directly to the development of multi-dimensional intelligence itself. ❌
Question 95: The major portion of the passage has been devoted to the discussion about
a. The youth population's involvement in drug-addiction and criminal activities.
b. The out-datedness of Karl Marx's and Alfred Marshall's view of economic development.
c. Structuring a proper national educational policy for the youth population.
d. The survival of democracy in India.
(1) Only d
(2) Only a
(3) Only c
(4) Only b
Correct Answer: (3) Only c
The passage is centrally focused on the need to structure a proper national educational policy for India's youth. It discusses the seven dimensions of intelligence, the three parameters of such a policy — ability empowerment, collective mindset, and social contract — and concludes by highlighting the consequences of the absence of such a policy. The entire argument builds toward this central theme.
• c. ✅ — The bulk of the passage is devoted to arguing why and how a comprehensive national education policy must be structured for the youth, covering dimensions of intelligence, policy parameters, and national goals. ✔
Why others are wrong:
• a. — Drug addiction and criminal activities are mentioned only in the concluding lines as a consequence of poor policy; they are not the central focus of the passage. ❌
• b. — Karl Marx's and Alfred Marshall's views are referenced in just one sentence to contrast with the modern knowledge-driven approach; they are not the main subject of discussion. ❌
• d. — Democracy is briefly mentioned in the opening lines as a context-setter; the passage quickly moves on to education and youth development as its core theme. ❌
Question 96: Identify the complex sentence/s from the following:
a. The night is dark and I am far from home.
b. As long as I am in the company of Mahi, I feel very happy but I become sad when she is away from me.
c. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
d. I believed that she had married the person whom she had loved.
(1) Both a and c
(2) Only b
(3) Only d
(4) Both c and d
Correct Answer: (3) Only d
A complex sentence contains one independent (main) clause and one or more subordinate (dependent) clauses joined by subordinating conjunctions or relative pronouns.
• d. ✅ — "I believed" is the main clause. "that she had married the person" is a noun clause (subordinate), and "whom she had loved" is a relative clause (subordinate). It has one main clause with two dependent clauses — a perfect complex sentence. ✔
Why others are wrong:
• a. — "The night is dark" and "I am far from home" are two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "and" — this is a compound sentence, not complex. ❌
• b. — This sentence contains two independent clauses joined by "but", each also having subordinate clauses attached ("As long as..." and "when she is away..."). The presence of two main clauses connected by a coordinating conjunction makes it a compound-complex sentence, not a simple complex sentence. ❌
• c. — "A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush" has only one independent clause with no subordinate clause — it is a simple sentence. ❌
Question 97: 'The boy who stole the watch was caught.'
The clause underlined in the sentence above is a/an -------- clause.
a. Relative
b. Adjective
c. Adverbial
d. Noun
(1) Only b
(2) Only d
(3) Only a
(4) Only c
Correct Answer: ९७ प्रश्न रद्द करण्यात आलेला आहे.
Question 98: Read the following sentence with jumbled words:
'are read / all over / Shakespeare / the world / the plays of'
Which of the following is a meaningful sentence framed by putting the above jumbled words in a logical order?
a. The plays of the world Shakespeare are read all over.
b. All over the plays of Shakespeare are read the world.
c. The plays of Shakespeare are read all over the world.
d. The plays of Shakespeare all over the world are read.
(1) Only d
(2) Only a
(3) Only b
(4) Only c
Correct Answer: (4) Only c
The correctly arranged sentence is: "The plays of Shakespeare are read all over the world."
This follows proper English sentence structure: Subject → The plays of Shakespeare Verb → are read Adverbial phrase → all over the world
• c. ✅ — Grammatically correct, meaningful, and logically ordered. The subject is clearly identified, the passive verb follows naturally, and the adverbial phrase "all over the world" correctly concludes the sentence. ✔
Why others are wrong:
• a. — "The plays of the world Shakespeare" incorrectly inserts "the world" between "of" and "Shakespeare", disrupting the possessive phrase and making it meaningless. ❌
• b. — Beginning with "All over" and placing "the world" at the end breaks the natural flow of the adverbial phrase "all over the world" and makes the sentence grammatically incorrect. ❌
• d. — Placing "all over the world" before the verb "are read" creates an awkward and grammatically incorrect word order in English. ✔❌
Question 99: 'You may do it when you please.'
The complex sentence above is converted into simple sentence by replacing the underlined clause by a phrase in the sentence above as follows:
a. You may do it at your pleasure.
b. You may do it as per your pleasure.
c. You may do it as you please.
d. You may do it with your pleasure.
(1) Only c
(2) Only a
(3) Only d
(4) Only b
Correct Answer: (2) Only a — You may do it at your pleasure.
To convert a complex sentence into a simple sentence, the subordinate clause must be replaced by an equivalent phrase (without a finite verb). The adverbial clause "when you please" expresses the idea of doing something at one's own will or convenience.
• a. "at your pleasure" ✅ — This is a well-established prepositional phrase meaning whenever you wish / at your own will. It correctly replaces the clause "when you please" with a phrase (no subject, no finite verb), thus making it a proper simple sentence. ✔
Why others are wrong:
• c. "as you please" — This still contains a subject ("you") and a finite verb ("please"), making it a subordinate clause, not a phrase. The sentence remains complex, not simple. ❌
• b. "as per your pleasure" — While it uses a phrase form, "as per your pleasure" is an awkward and non-idiomatic expression in standard English. It does not naturally replace "when you please". ❌
• d. "with your pleasure" — This is grammatically incorrect and does not convey the intended meaning of doing something at one's own will or convenience. ❌
Question 100: 'Men would look odd if they had three legs.'
The sentence above expresses --------- condition.
a. Unfulfilled past
b. Impossible
c. Hypothetical
d. Open
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